Who Did the Art for the Saturday Night Special Gun Poster?

Inexpensive, compact, pocket-sized-caliber handgun

The Röhm RG-fourteen is commonly considered a Saturday night special.

Saturday nighttime special is a colloquial term in the United States and Canada for inexpensive, compact, small-caliber handguns^[1] made of poor quality metal.^[2] Sometimes known as junk guns, some states ascertain these guns by means of limerick or material strength. In the late 19th century and early on 20th century, they were commonly referred to as suicide specials.^[3]

Definition [edit]

The MP-25 was made by Raven Artillery, which has been referred to as the first of the "Band of Fire" companies, those known for producing cheap handguns.

The term "Sat night special" refers to cheap guns used in poor neighborhoods. They are usually small, and of pocket-size caliber, and often unreliable or inaccurate. A unmarried definition is not piece of cake to come up past; while legislation in the United states of america has tried to ascertain them every bit either "dangerous" or "of no legitimate purpose", these attempts to define are problematic.^[ii]

The earliest known use of the term "Saturday night special" in print is in the September 29, 1917 effect of The Coffeyville Daily Journal, referring to a "cheap revolver".^[4] In its August 17, 1968 issue, The New York Times printed a front-page article titled "Handgun Imports Held Up by U.Due south.", author Fred Graham wrote, "... cheap, small-quotient 'Sabbatum night specials' that are a favorite of holdup men..."^[5]

The term "Saturday nighttime special" came into wider use with the passing of the Gun Control Act of 1968 because the act banned the importation and manufacture of many inexpensive firearms, including a large number of revolvers fabricated by Röhm Gesellschaft. With importation banned, Röhm opened a factory in Miami, Florida, and a number of companies in the Us began product of inexpensive handguns, including Raven Artillery, Jennings Firearms, Phoenix Arms, Lorcin Engineering Company, Davis Industries, and Sundance Industries, which collectively came to exist known as the "Ring of Burn companies".^[6]

Gun ownership advocates depict the term as racist in origin^[7] arguing that many of the guns banned were typically purchased and owned by low-income blackness people.^{[iii] [8]} In his volume Restricting Handguns: The Liberal Skeptics Speak Out, gun rights abet Don Kates found racial overtones in the focus on the Sabbatum dark special.^[9]

Issues [edit]

Criminal utilize statistics [edit]

While Saturday night specials are normally perceived equally inexpensive, and therefore disposable after the commission of a crime, criminal behavior does non always conform to this expectation. A 1985 written report of 1,800 incarcerated felons showed that criminals at the time preferred revolvers and other not-semi-automatic firearms over semi-automatic firearms.^[ten] A change in preferences towards semi-automatic pistols occurred in the early 1990s, coinciding with the arrival of crack cocaine and rise of violent youth gangs.^[11]

Nonetheless, three of the top ten types of guns involved in crime (as represented by police trace requests^[12]) in the Us are widely considered to be Saturday nighttime specials; every bit reported by the ATF in 1993, these included the Raven Artillery .25 caliber, Davis P-380 .380 quotient, and Lorcin L 380 .380 caliber.^[13] However, the aforementioned study showed the almost common firearm used in homicides was a large caliber revolver, and no revolvers of whatsoever kind appear on the top ten list of traced firearms.^[12]

Availability [edit]

In 2003, the NAACP filed suit against 45 gun manufacturers for creating what information technology chosen a "public nuisance" through the "negligent marketing" of handguns, which included models usually described as Saturday dark specials. The conform declared that handgun manufacturers and distributors were guilty of marketing guns in a way that encouraged violence in black and Hispanic neighborhoods.^[14] The suit was dismissed past U.s. District Gauge Jack B. Weinstein, who ruled that members of the NAACP were not "uniquely harmed" by illegal use of firearms and therefore had no standing to sue.^[15]

Proponents of gun ownership argue the elimination of cheap firearms limits constitutionally protected gun rights for those of lesser means. Roy Innis, erstwhile President of Congress of Racial Equality (Cadre) and a member of the National Rifle Association's governing board,^{[16] [17]} said "to make inexpensive guns incommunicable to become is to say that you're putting a money test on getting a gun. Information technology'south racism in its worst form." Core filed as an amicus curiae in a 1985 adapt challenging Maryland'due south Saturday night special/low-caliber handgun ban.^[eighteen]

Peter Rossi and James D. Wright authored a study for the National Institute of Justice which suggested the ban on Saturday nighttime specials was ineffective or counterproductive.^[19] A Cato Institute Policy assay by Dave Kopel went further: "The people well-nigh likely to be deterred from acquiring a handgun past exceptionally high prices or by the nonavailability of certain kinds of handguns are not felons intent on arming themselves for criminal purposes, who are more likely to apply stolen weapons, but rather poor people who accept decided they demand a gun to protect themselves against the felons simply who find that the cheapest gun in the marketplace costs more they can afford to pay."^[18]

Regulation [edit]

United states [edit]

Colt Navy (foreground) and Colt Ground forces (groundwork). 19th century laws restricting handguns to the Ground forces and Navy pistol were the outset "Sabbatum night special" bans.

The earliest police prohibiting inexpensive handguns was enacted in Tennessee, in the form of the "Regular army and Navy Constabulary", passed in 1879, shortly after the 14th subpoena and Civil Rights Act of 1875; previous laws invalidated by the constitutional subpoena had stated that black freedmen could non own or conduct any manner of firearm. The Army and Navy Law prohibited the sale of "belt or pocket pistols, or revolvers, or any other kind of pistols, except army or navy pistols", which were prohibitively expensive for black freedmen and poor whites to purchase.^[20] These were large pistols in .36 caliber ("navy") or .44 caliber ("army"), and were the armed services effect cap and brawl black-powder revolvers used during the Civil War past both Union and Confederate ground troops. The effect of the law was to restrict handgun possession to the upper economic classes.^[21]

The next major attempt to regulate inexpensive firearms was the Gun Control Act of 1968, which used the "sporting purposes" examination and a points arrangement to exclude many small, inexpensive handguns which had been imported from European makers such as Röhm.

Most manufacturers in the US were not direct impacted by the Gun Control Act, every bit they were not subject to the import restrictions, and for the about part they did non industry compact, inexpensive handguns that competed with the banned imports.^[22] However, need for cheap handguns still existed and a number of new companies were formed to fill up that gap. In an effort to cut costs, many of these guns were made with cast components made of the zinc blend zamak rather than the more typical machined or cast steel. Equally a result, legislation against "junk guns" subsequently targeted the zinc frames used in construction past specifying a melting point. The development of polymer-framed guns, which will burn at temperatures much lower than the commonly specified 800 °F (427 °C) led to this becoming ineffective. Subsequent legislation regulated size (such as barrel lengths nether three inches (seven.six cm)), materials (such as zinc), or low-cost manufacturing techniques (e.g., density requirements that specifically ban inexpensive powder cast metals),^[23] Some of these legal restrictions are based on product liability law.

Canada [edit]

In Canada, the 1995 Firearms Human activity (known as Bill C-68 earlier passage) classified handguns with a calibre of .25 or .32, or having a barrel length of 105 mm or shorter, as "prohibited" weapons. This provision appears to have been specifically aimed at "Sat night specials".^[24] Exceptions are made for target pistols in these calibres used in international shooting competitions.^[25]

References [edit]

1. ^ NRA definition of SNS
2. ^ ^{a b} Melt, Philip (1981). "The 'Saturday Night Special': An Assessment of Alternative Definitions from a Policy Perspective". The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 72 (four): 1735–1745. doi:10.2307/1143251. JSTOR 1143251.
3. ^ ^{a b} Carter, Gregg Lee (May 4, 2012). Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Civilization, and the Constabulary (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. pp. 516–519. ISBN978-0313386701.
4. ^ "Fair Notes". The Coffeyville Daily Journal. September 29, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved September ii, 2021 – via Newspapers.com. When searched immature Norville was found to exist carrying a 'Saturday Night Special', or in other words a cheap revolver.
5. ^ "Handgun Imports Held Up past U.S.; ARMS UNIT BLOCKS HANDGUN IMPORTS". The New York Times . Retrieved January 11, 2020.
6. ^ "Hot Guns: Band of Burn". Frontline. PBS. Retrieved Jan thirteen, 2015.
7. ^ Cook, Philip. "The Saturday Night Special: An Assessment of Alternative Definitions From a Policy Perspective". Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 72 (4): 1735–1745. doi:ten.2307/1143251. ISSN 0091-4169. JSTOR 1143251. OCLC 803836960.
8. ^ Funk, Markus. "Gun Control and Economical Discrimination: The Melting-Indicate Case-in-Point". Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 85 (3). ISSN 0091-4169. OCLC 803836960.
9. ^ Kates Jr., Don B., ed. (1979). "one". Restricting Handguns: The Liberal Skeptics Speak Out (1st ed.). United states of america: North River Press. pp. 7–thirty. ISBN0-88427-034-iii.
10. ^ Wright, James D. & Rossi, Peter H. (1986). Armed and Considered Dangerous: A Survey of Felons and their Firearms . Aldine De Gruyter.
11. ^ Cohen, Jacqueline, Wilpen Gorr, Piyusha Singh (December 2002). "Guns and Youth Violence: An Examination of Crime Guns in Ane Urban center". Final written report. National Plant of Justice, Carnegie Mellon University. Archived from the original on March 25, 2007. Retrieved Nov 17, 2006. {{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
12. ^ ^{a b} Guns Used in Crime: Firearms, Crime, and Criminal Justice—Selected Findings July 1995, NCJ-148201, abstract, article Archived May two, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
13. ^ LaPierre, Wayne (1994). Guns, Law-breaking, and Freedom . Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing. pp. 58. ISBN9780895264770.
14. ^ "NAACP causes furor by suing gun manufacturers". The New Crunch. The Crisis Publishing Company. 106 (5). September–October 1999.
15. ^ "Judge dismisses adjust confronting gun makers". The Washington Times. July 21, 2003. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
16. ^ "'Ricochet' Goes Behind Scenes of Gun Lobby". NPR. November xv, 2007. Retrieved November 15, 2007.
17. ^ "Roy Innis". The Winning Team (NRAWinningTeam.com). Archived from the original on October 13, 2007.
18. ^ ^{a b} Kopel, David B. (1988). "Trust the People: The Instance Confronting Gun Control". Cato Policy Analysis No. 109. CATO Institute.
19. ^ "Armed Criminal in America - A Survey of Incarcerated Felons | Function of Justice Programs".
20. ^ SAF Law Review Archived Baronial 16, 2000, at the Wayback Machine
21. ^ Kates, Jr., Don B., ed. (1979). Restricting Handguns: The Liberal Skeptics Speak Out. North River Press. ISBN0-88427-033-v. Run across Section I: Toward a History of Handgun Prohibition in the United States, pages 12–fifteen, subsection "Development of Handgun Ownership Restrictions in the Postal service-Civil War Due south".
22. ^ Kates, Jr., Don B. (1979). "Section I: Toward a History of Handgun Prohibition in the United States". Restricting Handguns: The Liberal Skeptics Speak Out. Northward River Press. ISBN0-88427-033-5.
23. ^ "PBS Frontline: Hot Guns: Country Legislation". PBS.
24. ^ Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, southward 84, "prohibited firearm".
25. ^ RCMP Listing of Restricted and Prohibited Firearm Archived February 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_night_special

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